Realistic ∆E values

Today's technology limits are caused by raw materials, consumables, and the technology of reproduction.

Proofing System (ink jet technology with high-quality RIP control)

	formula	value
Typical average ∆E error according to ISO12647-7	∆E 76	3.0
Typical maximum ∆E error according to ISO12647-7	∆E 76	6.0
E-Factor (95% percentile ∆E2000) for best proofing systems	∆E 2000	1.0
E-Factor (95% percentile ∆E2000) for typical proofing systems	∆E 2000	2.0–2.5
E-Factor (95% percentile ∆E2000) for some proofing systems that are ISO12647-7 certified	∆E 2000	2.9

Typical offset production values

	formula	value
Typical CMYK process production E-Factor (95% percentile ∆E2000)	∆E2000	6.0–8.0
Premium CMYK process production E-Factor (95% percentile ∆E2000)	∆E2000	4.0–6.0
Typical spot color production	∆E2000	3.5–4.0
Premium spot color production	∆E2000	2.8–3.5
Premium+ spot color production	∆E2000	2.5–2.8

Typical CM limitations — inaccuracy of common ICC Profiles.

Please note that this is a limitation in the internal ICC Profile math - which exists even if the production process is performed perfectly. This is caused by limitations of color management technology.

	formula	value
GRACoL2013_CRPC6 — Roundtrip Error E-Factor (95% percentile ∆E2000)	∆E2000	0.8
GRACoL2013_CRPC6 — Roundtrip Error maximum	∆E2000	2.4
WAN-IFRAnewspaper26v5 — Roundtrip Error E-Factor (95% percentile ∆E2000)	∆E2000	1.4
WAN-IFRAnewspaper26v5 — Roundtrip Error maximum	∆E2000	3.4
ISOcoated_v2_eci — Roundtrip Error E-Factor (95% percentile ∆E2000)	∆E2000	0.6
ISOcoated_v2_eci — Roundtrip Error maximum	∆E2000	3.4

Demanding brand owner's tolerances

The figures quoted are from very well-known brand specifications. Meeting such expectations in production is a challenge.
In most cases, Color Standard is custom — Substrate and Instrument related. Some Brand owners define more than one type of Instrument used in the production chain (for different types of product or finishing).

	formula	value
Premium + brand owner — corporate color (one selected)	∆E 2000	2.0
General spot color production* — global tolerance for internal use	∆E 2000	2.8
Typical global tolerance (contracted)**	∆E 2000	3.0
Premium +	Snowflake

* Tolerance is one of many coexisting ones - of a critical nature. Failure to meet one terminates the assessment
** The assessment takes into account the within-sheet variations (9 predefined locations on each assessed sheet)

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